thesis statement

The increase of immigration in 8 Av of Brooklyn influences its economy significantly in the past 10 years.

1. Immigration is increasing rapidly in the sunset park and the immigrants opened stores massively in the 8 Av in Brooklyn in the past years.

2. The 8 Av. of Brooklyn becomes the third Chinatown in New York gradually.

citations+resouces+summary

This article posted in newspaper in 2002. The topic is “Report says 10 percent of jobs lost post-sept.11 were in Chinatown ”. It is talking about the unemployment in Chinatown. “The effects of the world trade center attack on Chinatown included layoffs of about one-fourth of the area’s 34,000 workers, and economic ripples in queens and Brooklyn…” This shows us that how the economic is in Chinatown of Queens and Brooklyn. The unemployment reflects the economy is not good as past and it is a trend of the world now. In the interview of the article, the women who worked in Chinatown said that she is difficult to find a job. She has been change many jobs in a year and the wage is low.

This article supplies many information of the economic situation in Brooklyn. It helps me to comprehend the trend of the economy. Actually this situation is happening in the whole world and it attacks the market in Chinatown. It is worse than the past. That makes the new problem that the decline of economy in Brooklyn is because the immigration or the world trend? Is the immigration the one of the reason to lead it?

JENNIFER 8 LEE. "C I T Y :Report Says 10 Percent of Jobs Lost Post-Sept. 11 Were in Chinatown . " New York Times (1857-Current file) [ New York , N..Y. ] 5 Apr. 2002,B3. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2004). ProQuest. ***INSERT Library name or system, City, State***. 29 Feb. 2008 http://www.proquest.com/


This post is an article on newspaper in 2002. The topic is “well, the ices are still Italian-immigration patterns shift, altering the old neighborhood”. This is so obviously that is talking about Italian. The article tells us that Benson Hurst in Brooklyn is the city holding largest Italian neighborhood. However, the increasing of immigration makes them shifts. And Italian tends to move to the suburbs. The article attaches a data shows that new Yorkers of Italian descent from 1980 to 2000. The article mentions that “in this ferment, many Italians have los t their “comfort zone,”….”

This article provides a lot of information of immigration. “ the number of residents of Italian descent is down to 59,112, little more than half that of two decades ago, and the departed Italians have been replaced by Chinese and Russian families.” It shows me that the immigrant replaced the original resident gradually in recent years. Also, the article mentions that there are lots of Chinese stores replaced the cafes. A lot of Italians have to shrift because the environment is different to the past. They like to live here because there are Italians share the same tradition in this place. Now they choose other place for living. This article reflects that the one of the reason of the Italian shifting in Benson Hurst is leaded by the immigration.

JENNIFER 8 LEE. "C I T Y :Report Says 10 Percent of Jobs Lost Post-Sept. 11 Were in Chinatown . " New York Times (1857-Current file) [ New York , N..Y. ] 5 Apr. 2002,B3. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2004). ProQuest. ***INSERT Library name or system, City, State***. 29 Feb. 2008 http://www.proquest.com/

interview

My target of interview is a lady who has lived here 8 years. Her name is yin. She has 2 sons and she lived with her husband. She worked in Manhattan in the first five years and she has job in Brooklyn in later three years until now. When she worked in Manhattan, she took subway. And now, the location of her job is closed to her home and she walks to the work location everyday. She said that the 8 Av in Brooklyn changed a lot in these 8 years. More and more people choose here to open their company or store. Before here is Jewish district and there are many Chinese, Spanish,mexican and Indian move here in recent years. She always see new neighborhoods move in. The price of goods are cheap so many Chinese come to 8 Av for purchasing what they want and people lived in Brooklyn seldom go other where to buy things. She is mother of 2 sons and she is responsible on doing housework. Therefore, she has to buy the necessity of house everyday. She thinks it is convenience for her because she can get all she wants here and the price is cheap. She is very happy on this. Yin said here is not so prosperous as now and people liked to go to china town in lower Manhattan in the past. She likes this change because this is good for her. Although the price of house is increasing, she doesn’t think this is a problem for her. It is because she owns a house with her husband. She hopes the prosperity in 8 AV develops continuously.

ch.13

Part 3 of the book” the death and life of great American cities” is about forces of decline and regeneration. It covers chapter 13 to 16. In these chapters, Jane Jacob mentions several problems that can influence the diversity of cities but they possess the 4 necessary conditions. The first chapter of part 3 is”the self- destruction of diversity”. The self destruction happens in outstanding and successful places whatever streets or whole district. “Diversity grows in a city area because of economic opportunity and economic attraction.” Now competition destroys the economic and social mutual support. People don’t find the high economic return. They want to shrift to other places and find the new economic opportunities. Author thinks that this situation is not a failure but a process for any successful places. And she encourages the combination of zoning for diversity, staunchness of public buildings and competitive diversion in the new diversion. In this chapter, there are examples to support author’s thought and explanation of the ideas.

Ch.11 and Ch.12

In chapters of part 2 are telling about the conditions for city diversity. The need of mixed primary use, the need for small blocks, the need for aged buildings and the need for concentration are pointing out the requirement for a diversity and how they compose a well develop city. In chapter 11, the need of concentration show that people gather together automatically and this can help on economic of city. It is because it brings properties, money and convenience. The concentration accomplishes the thesis of the mixed primary use and supported by small blocks. “In concentrations both dense enough and diverse enough to offer them a decent chance at developing city life”, concluded the theme of the chapter. In chapter 12, Jane Jacob answers questions that people think on a metropolis and those questions are myth. It is not the false of the design of city and is the user’s problem. If the city is well mixed use, the problem will not appear. Author responds to the myths that people have and points out her opinion on those questions.

questions~

What is your name?
How long do you live here?
Do you have children? If yes, how many?
Do you have job? if yes, where is the location of your job?
What is your major mode of transportation?
Do you feel convenience for going shopping or anywhere?
How often do you go shopping? where do you go often for shopping?
What do you like and dislike of your neighborhood?
Has your neighborhood change? How is change?
What is your opinion on the change?

neigborhood

Brooklyn is the second city I lived in New York. At first it gives me a poor and worn mood. Maybe because there are no modern buildings in the district and the style of houses are not new. All are very simple. It is an enormous difference with Manhattan. However, people can adapt here quickly. I think it is because people lived here are very similar. I mean the education level, the background or the income are similar. A lot of people lived here is immigrant. The feeling is like we are standing in the same line and share the same area.

Although Brooklyn are different from Manhattan or other city, here still inherit the feature of New York. There are different cultures combined here. There are Indian, Chinese, Spanish and more. They have different language but they can communicate with other and they can understand each other. The immigration is increasing in these years. I think it is the feature of Brooklyn. Brooklyn always is the good choice for the immigrant.

before 1950

New York is a colorful city and full of surprise. Subway station is an obvious example. When you pass through the alley in subway station, it is easy to find that there are many different decorative mosaics on the wall. Also, you can find varied palette, raised, glazed ceramic tiles on the sign. These arts can stimulate our eyes and wake us up. The appearance of the subway station is also creative. Many subway entrances are not easy to find and they don’t seem like a subway entrance.

The subway near my house is a good example for it. That subway looks like a simple building and the age of that subway is old. I asked the stuff of the subway station how old this station. He said at least before 1950s. This “building” located here for so many years. It is older than me. This gives me a strange feeling. I am walking on the same floor and using the same entrance like the people did. It is incredible. This entrance stands at the end of the street. In the picture, you can see the subway entrance’s appearance. It is not high and only one floor and the platform. There are ceramic tiles told you it is a subway entrance. The green painting door and the brick made wall show that it experiences a lot in a long time.

When we walk inside, you can see the worn ceiling and a simple construction. A ticket selling center, two-ticket machine and the entrance compose this simple station. In the center of the station, there is a heater that provides warm to customers. Customers wait on the first floor and keep body warm by standing around the heater before the train comes. This heater is very old style. It is also green painting and I see a little bit worn on the surface of the heater. There are doors both on two sides because there are different directions of the train. They are green-painted swing door. The whole mood of the subway station is old, maybe because there are no decoration and other extra useless things.

Sometimes entrances can be found in department, store, basements and liquor store lobbies. When you pay attention on it, you can feel how interesting your life is and you can find many funs around your living even in a bored subway.

summary of Ch. 9

The topic of chapter 9 is the need for small blocks. How small blocks apply to the good primary mixtures and the successful of city diversity? Author tells us that long blocks isolates neighborhoods and it is not convenience for residents. There are pictures showing that residents use only one way to go somewhere every day because there are no other easy ways to choose. Long blocks baffle the development of the advantages in the city and it opposes the principle of the city mixtures use. Now the mixtures use happened only in the same street on the long blocks case. Jane suggests constructing the short blocks and there is an extra street between the blocks. This can get the good result of the mixture use and help the economic effect of the diversity use. She applies an example in Rockefeller plaza and shows that how it works well. “Like mixtures of primary use, frequent are effective in helping to generate diversity only because of the way they perform.” It means that when people use the street, they can attract more mixtures users and they did that can help accomplish the growth of diversity.

after 1950

House is a basic facility of a city. It is necessarily of living. The purposes of earning money for most people are for food and for house. House is important for human being. Therefore, many graphic designer and architect design many different house styles in both interior and exterior.

In exterior, we can know about what people live in the house. I took this picture in a residential district in Brooklyn. I suppose this house made after 1950. Why do I have this assumption? At first, I have to describe this house. This house is reddish brown. The shape is long rectangle that likes a shoe box. It is a 2 floor house with a flat roof. There are 8 windows and 2 doors. One is front door and one is back door. The backyard is next to the garage. And a drive way lies in front of garage. There are a arch and a stair in front of the front door. Fence build on the windows of the first floor and it also build around the little front yard.

Based on the description above, I can know about the house built after 1950 and what kin of people live in that house. The brightness of the wall color shows that it is new and has been paint this few years. The style of the construction is simple. It is not gorgeous as the old time. A lot of house in the past time were build with embossment and the embossment would be a little damage when we observe it. If a house builds over ten years or longer, the wall would change color and we can see the worn thing even it has been painted. We can see that very clearly that it is very new in every corner whatever the windows or the wall. Therefore, I believe that this house is very new and it must build after 1950s.

I know the master of this house is Chinese. I saw them came out on that day. Otherwise, I prove that the resident like tidy and clean. I concluded all the evidence. The garbage bin is not mass and there is no rubbish around the house. They may like simple style. I can see it because the house style and they don’t decorate it. They have dogs because I heard the dog’s noise and there are a notice “Beware dog inside”. They are busy and they don’t have time to grow any plant in their yards.

After observation of a house, I discover that there are lots of styles of houses. And I can see the struggle of the architect in building a house. If you observe a thing such as house, you find a lot of trivial thing that you ever know.

MLA format

Welcome to Brooklyn. 5th Feb. 2008. 11th Feb 2008 <http://www.brooklyn.com/>

This web site covers the neighborhood of Brooklyn. The site includes the history and population in Brooklyn. The jobs and house finding are also applied in the site. The map, street name and famous site are found in this web site.

Kristen Goode. Brooklyn, NY. Brooklyn NY home value.6th Feb 2008.11th Feb 2008
< http://brooklyn.about.com/>

This web site covers the newest events in Brooklyn. It provides a lot of information about Brooklyn, such as the culture, history, neighborhood, guide, flight, map etc. It includes the places and career findings.

Ch.7 and Ch.8

In“Death and life of great American cities”, was divided into 4 parts. The title of part two is the conditions for city diversity. In character 7, Jane Jacob introduces her point of view in city diversity and she explains the function of it. In chapter 8, she points out the economic effect of the mixture uses. It is the first necessary conditions for the diversity city, which she mentioned.
The mixture of uses is essential for city. It is because greater diversity makes greater self-sufficiency. Then, more products are going to be produced. That means places should be used in many way. It can distribute people in different places at all time. This attracts visitor to come and city income increases. When a place is diversely used, people can save money and there are no useless places. Useless places waste money. Therefore, the mixture of primary use is important and it is the one of required condition for a diversity city.

sidewalk

In our community, we always meet our friends and neighborhood. Sometimes, we meet in park and sometimes we meet in supermarket. I always see my neighborhood too. But it is not in supermarket or park. I always see them in the road that the picture shows.

As the picture showed, there are few shops. When I moved here, they already stood there. These shops are the closest from my house. They locate on the sidewalk which next to my house. If people want to go to the big supermarket and look for more shops, they have to go further to get what they want. Therefore, these few shops become the center of gathering for people who live near here. Although there are only five shops, there are many people loiter around there. The reason is people must choose this road for going to subway station. And there are bakery, drugstore, 99cents store, boutique and deli. So people can get many living stuff in there. Such as me, I always go there for my breakfast and I meet my neighbor at this time.

This is a community with different culture. Different people come here to shopping; such of Spanish, Chinese, and Indian. They meet here and take times for gathering. We don’t have too much time to make function and we seldom to invite people to home. Then this place is the best place to us for chitchat. Also we can make new friends here and have a chance to recognize our neighbors.

This picture showed “one way”. It locates aside the street. It always attracts my sight so I take a photo on it. This traffic sign is same as normal but it become deformed. I saw it few weeks ago and it is still here. I think it change its shape by the blow of wind. It is because we can see the angle and direction it alters. Also, it located beside the avenue. There are no building to stop the wind and the wind become stronger that makes the wind able to alter the sign. This sign is so funny. Do people see it? Do the drivers know it is “one way”? Do you know what way is one way? Why does no one fix it? People should see it but maybe they don’t know where to report it or they would think it is not a big deal.

Ch 3

In character 3, the title “the uses of sidewalks: contact” tells us that Jane Jacob is going to talk about the function of sidewalk in the cities. Contact is the main point and the privacy of resident is what Jane Jacob concerned about. Sidewalk is very useful and important on communicating with neighborhoods that live around you. It provides a place for us to maintain the relationship with our neighbor, in the same time; we can keep our secret and own identity. When a city lacks the living of sidewalk, Jane Jacob said that the people will lack the respect and privacy from their neighbor. The author provides many examples on it. Sidewalk can keep the balance between the privacy and the relation with the neighbor. It keeps your own identity and neighbor would respect each other. However, it is difficult to work in the old idea of planning” togetherness” and in the city which sidewalk is unsafe. It doesn’t mean that sidewalk can solve the discrimination of residential but it is still good for everyone.

summary of the introduction

“The Death and Life of Great American Cities” is written by Jane Jacobs. Although she has written this book for a long time, the book is still very influential. She cares the cities a lot. We can see it in her book. She is very discontent in the planning of the city. She criticizes about the design of the cities and the planner. They didn’t consider the actual situation of the cities. In the introduction, she brings up few question such as “what principle of planning?” and “what practices in rebuilding can promote social and economic vitality in cities?” the main idea of the book is showed in this few question. Critique on the design of the cities and the rebuilding of current cities, economy of cities issue and the introduction of new principles of cities planning are what she wants to mention. She applies comment in many aspects in the design of the cities and examples in the book.

Forgotten NY

Forgotten NY is a web site that shows something people don’t pay attention on but we see them a lot in our daily life, and tell us when do it begin and the meaning of it. This site reminds the resident in New York, there are many facilities, services and buildings we use or see everyday maybe facing a worse situation or become extinct. We have to care for them much more.

There are 16 links in forgotten NY. They are lamps, subways and trains, Ads, trolleys, signs, cobblestones, street scenes, you’d never believe you’re in NYC, alleys, necrology, cemeteries, forgotten slices, forgotten tours, forgotten book diary and forgotten stuff. 4 links are about the forgotten NY, like the T-shirt and the activities they held etc. The other 12 links show every corner in NY. Like lamps, we see it everywhere. However, many of us don’t know we have many different style lamp stood on the street over many years. In the subway and train, I found an interest tropic. I like this the most. It is ” the great NY Botanical gardens Train Show”. There are many models of structure in this article. They are well known landmarks, such as Belvedere Castle. It built in 1868 and located the highest natural point in central park. Also, the models were made with glasses or trees. All are looks like true. Other models like Apollo Theater and Brooklyn Bridge are very attractive. In this link, we also see many other trivial parts of subway and train, such as the art in the subway and the building of subway station.

In ads, there are many advertisements of businesses that last over many years, even some advertisement’s age is longer than the products it sells. You always can see it on the wall of buildings. Some sign of trolley also can be found in NY. Many symbols showed in Signs. Also the bricked and cobble stoned streets are the site concerned for. More and more special you can find in this site.

Actually, other links are very funny too. You can spend a whole day on searching it. Every article is come with photo. You can see what the place look like. Then, we don’t have to worry about where to go in holiday. It is because we have more and more choice in Forgotten NY and we can know more about the place we live.